TOEFL :)
TOEFL
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL, pronounced "toe-full" or sometimes "toffle")
A. Format
Internet-based test (IBT)
Computer-based test (CBT)
Paper-based test (PBT)
B. Funtion
TOEFL evaluates the potential success of an individual to use and understand Standard American English at a college level.
Required for non-native applicants at many English-speaking colleges and universities.
C. TOEFL score
A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then is deleted from the official database.
The paper version of the TOEFL is scored on a scale of 217 to 677 points.
To study abroad, students are usually required to have 500 to 550 points.
D. History
The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide.
The test was first administered 1964.
It has since been taken by nearly 20 million students.
E. TOEFL Devide by :
1. Internet-based Test (IBT)
• Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-based test (iBT) has progressively replaced both the computer-based (CBT) and paper-based (PBT) tests.
• The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly.
• Candidates have to wait for months since short-term test dates are fully booked.
• The four-hour test consists of four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing)
• Each measuring mainly one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require multiple skills) and focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education environment.
• Note-taking is allowed during the IBT.
a. Reading
After each academic reading passage (out of 3–5), questions are posed about content, intent of the author, and ideas inferred from the passage. New types of questions in the iBT require paraphrasing, filling out tables, or completing summaries. Generally prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer, though a priori knowledge may help.
b. Listening
Questions refer to the content and intent of the phrases, as well as to the speakers' attitude and meaning, either in short conversations or in lectures.
c. Speaking
New to the iBT, this section contains questions relating to personal experiences or preferences, as well as tasks that also involve reading passages and listening to short conversations and lectures. Test takers are expected to convey information, explain ideas, and defend opinions clearly, coherently, and accurately.
d. Writing
One task requires test takers to defend a position relative to a specified general topic. In the other task, a reading passage and a lecture are presented, and test takers must answer a question relating the main points of both the passage and the lecture.
2. Computer-Based Test (CBT)
• The computer-based test (CBT) was abolished on September 30, 2006.
• It was divided into four sections, measuring language proficiency in listening, structure (grammar), reading and writing.
• Note-taking was not allowed.
a. Listening Comprehension (45–70 minutes)
Type of Questions: «Conversations between two or more people in academic environments. Short conversations between students and lectures may be possible conversations.» Questions were basically of the who said what type.
b. Structure (grammar) (15–20 minutes)
Type of Questions: «Identify the erroneous word(s) in the sentence. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate word.»
c. Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary (70-90 minutes)
Type of Question: Questions were posed about content, intent of the author, and ideas inferred from each of the 3–4 passages given.
d. Essay Writing (30 minutes)
Type of Question: «Write an essay on a given general topic and take a position toward it, e.g., "Is stem cell research necessary? Explain your stance."»
• The Listening and Structure sections were computer-adaptive, meaning that the difficulty level of each question depended on the correctness of previous responses.
• Three subscores were obtained, each of which were given on a 0–30 scale: Listening, Structure/Writing (combined), and Reading. These subscores were averaged to obtain the final score, which was on a 0–300 scale. The Writing score was reported separately, on a 0–6 scale.
3. Paper-Based Test (PBT)
• In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given.
• The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT, albeit with some differences, noticeably the number of questions (which is higher in the PBT) and the score scales.
• The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores: Listening (31–68), Structure (31–68), and Reading (31–67).
• Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing section (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0–6.
• ETS has released tables to convert between10 iBT, CBT and PBT scores.
By: Herman Felani Tandjung
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL, pronounced "toe-full" or sometimes "toffle")
A. Format
Internet-based test (IBT)
Computer-based test (CBT)
Paper-based test (PBT)
B. Funtion
TOEFL evaluates the potential success of an individual to use and understand Standard American English at a college level.
Required for non-native applicants at many English-speaking colleges and universities.
C. TOEFL score
A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then is deleted from the official database.
The paper version of the TOEFL is scored on a scale of 217 to 677 points.
To study abroad, students are usually required to have 500 to 550 points.
D. History
The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide.
The test was first administered 1964.
It has since been taken by nearly 20 million students.
E. TOEFL Devide by :
1. Internet-based Test (IBT)
• Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-based test (iBT) has progressively replaced both the computer-based (CBT) and paper-based (PBT) tests.
• The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly.
• Candidates have to wait for months since short-term test dates are fully booked.
• The four-hour test consists of four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing)
• Each measuring mainly one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require multiple skills) and focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education environment.
• Note-taking is allowed during the IBT.
a. Reading
After each academic reading passage (out of 3–5), questions are posed about content, intent of the author, and ideas inferred from the passage. New types of questions in the iBT require paraphrasing, filling out tables, or completing summaries. Generally prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer, though a priori knowledge may help.
b. Listening
Questions refer to the content and intent of the phrases, as well as to the speakers' attitude and meaning, either in short conversations or in lectures.
c. Speaking
New to the iBT, this section contains questions relating to personal experiences or preferences, as well as tasks that also involve reading passages and listening to short conversations and lectures. Test takers are expected to convey information, explain ideas, and defend opinions clearly, coherently, and accurately.
d. Writing
One task requires test takers to defend a position relative to a specified general topic. In the other task, a reading passage and a lecture are presented, and test takers must answer a question relating the main points of both the passage and the lecture.
2. Computer-Based Test (CBT)
• The computer-based test (CBT) was abolished on September 30, 2006.
• It was divided into four sections, measuring language proficiency in listening, structure (grammar), reading and writing.
• Note-taking was not allowed.
a. Listening Comprehension (45–70 minutes)
Type of Questions: «Conversations between two or more people in academic environments. Short conversations between students and lectures may be possible conversations.» Questions were basically of the who said what type.
b. Structure (grammar) (15–20 minutes)
Type of Questions: «Identify the erroneous word(s) in the sentence. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate word.»
c. Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary (70-90 minutes)
Type of Question: Questions were posed about content, intent of the author, and ideas inferred from each of the 3–4 passages given.
d. Essay Writing (30 minutes)
Type of Question: «Write an essay on a given general topic and take a position toward it, e.g., "Is stem cell research necessary? Explain your stance."»
• The Listening and Structure sections were computer-adaptive, meaning that the difficulty level of each question depended on the correctness of previous responses.
• Three subscores were obtained, each of which were given on a 0–30 scale: Listening, Structure/Writing (combined), and Reading. These subscores were averaged to obtain the final score, which was on a 0–300 scale. The Writing score was reported separately, on a 0–6 scale.
3. Paper-Based Test (PBT)
• In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given.
• The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT, albeit with some differences, noticeably the number of questions (which is higher in the PBT) and the score scales.
• The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores: Listening (31–68), Structure (31–68), and Reading (31–67).
• Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing section (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0–6.
• ETS has released tables to convert between10 iBT, CBT and PBT scores.
By: Herman Felani Tandjung